China's population declines for second consecutive year, record low birth rate unveiled
In 2023, China witnessed a second consecutive year of population decline, with a record low birth rate and the aftermath of COVID-19 lockdowns contributing to the downturn. The National Bureau of Statistics reported a decline of 2.08 million people, or 0.15%, bringing the total population to 1.409 billion.
COVID-19 and Demographic Shifts
China's population drop intensified after a nationwide COVID-19 surge in early 2023, coupled with the lifting of strict measures in December 2022. The total number of deaths rose to 11.1 million, a 6.6% increase, marking the highest death rate since 1974. New births fell by 5.7% to 9.02 million, with the birth rate hitting a record low of 6.39 births per 1,000 people.
Decades-Long Decline and Economic Impact of Population decline
Decades of falling birth rates, influenced by the one-child policy (1980-2015) and rapid urbanization, have contributed to the current demographic challenges. Youth unemployment hitting record highs, falling wages, and a property sector crisis have further discouraged family planning in 2023.
Economic Implications and Global Ranking
Chinese people walking besides Huangpu river in Shanghai
The data raises concerns about China's economic growth prospects, with a shrinking workforce and consumer base. India surpassed China as the world's most populous nation in 2022, fueling discussions about relocating supply chains. U.N. experts foresee China's population shrinking by 109 million by 2050, more than triple their previous forecast in 2019.
Aging Population and Policy Measures
China's population aged 60 and over reached 296.97 million in 2023, constituting 21.1% of the total population. High childcare costs, gender discrimination, and traditional expectations hinder family planning. Despite President Xi Jinping's call to cultivate a new culture of marriage and childbearing, local government measures to encourage childbirth face challenges, necessitating a unified nationwide family subsidy scheme.
Population in China declines for the second year
Public Perspectives
In response to incentives, Beijing resident Wang Weidong, 36, expressed reluctance to have a second child, emphasizing the need to address root causes beyond auxiliary measures.
This demographic shift poses long-term challenges for China's economic landscape, prompting debates about sustainable policy interventions and their impact on the nation's future.
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