WHO Identifies Major Chandipura Virus Outbreak in India

The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that the current outbreak of the Chandipura virus (CHPV) in India is the largest the country has seen in two decades. According to recent reports, this outbreak is significant due to its size and impact.

Current Situation

From early June to mid-August, the Indian Ministry of Health has reported 245 cases of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), a severe condition linked to CHPV. Out of these cases, 82 have been fatal, resulting in a 33% fatality rate. These cases are spread across 43 districts in India, with 64 of them confirmed to be caused by the Chandipura virus.

Virus Characteristics and Transmission

CHPV, a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, typically causes sporadic AES cases in India, particularly during the monsoon season. The virus is transmitted by sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks. Historically, outbreaks of CHPV occur every four to five years, with Gujarat frequently experiencing these spikes.

Current Control Measures

The WHO has stressed that there is no specific treatment or vaccine for CHPV, and its fatality rate can be as high as 75%. However, early medical intervention and intensive supportive care can improve survival rates. Surveillance in high-risk areas, especially among children under 15 with symptoms of fever and central nervous system issues, is crucial.

Response and Prevention

To combat the outbreak, the WHO has recommended enhancing vector control measures to protect against sandflies, mosquito, and tick bites. The Indian government has deployed a National Joint Outbreak Response Team (NJORT) to assist Gujarat with public health efforts, including insecticide spraying and fumigation. The Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) is also investigating other potential causes of encephalitis and monitoring the situation closely.

Historical Context and Future Outlook

In 2003, India experienced a major AES outbreak in Andhra Pradesh with 329 suspected cases and 183 deaths, attributed to CHPV.

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With the current monsoon season favoring vector populations, the WHO warns that further transmission of the virus is possible. Continued public health measures and research are vital to controlling the outbreak and preventing future cases.